The debate surrounding autism overdiagnosis stems from the broad spectrum of symptoms and behaviors that clinicians consider as potential indicators of this disorder. Historically, experts have divided autism diagnosis into three specific subtypes:

• Autistic disorder
• Asperger’s syndrome
• Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)

However, in recent studies, researchers have consolidated these subtypes into a single, overarching diagnosis of ASD. This reclassification has led to increased diagnosis rates, as providers now group individuals who previously fell under specific subtypes under the general ASD diagnosis.

It is crucial to understand that this rise in autism prevalence does not necessarily indicate an actual increase in ASD cases. Instead, it reflects a deeper understanding of the autism spectrum and a heightened capability to diagnose accurately. Revised diagnostic criteria have enabled the identification and support of more individuals who might not have received an official diagnosis in the past.

Changes in the definition and classification of ASD, along with greater awareness and enhanced diagnostic capabilities within the medical community, may influence the perception of autism overdiagnosis.

Early Intervention and the Diagnosis of Autism

Increasingly, autism experts and advocates stress the importance of early intervention, mainly through ABA therapy, to achieve significant developmental progress in children with ASD. This understanding drives parents and caregivers to seek diagnoses early in life, enabling timely access to ABA therapy.

The emphasis on early intervention’s benefits has led to intensified screening efforts, resulting in more ASD diagnoses at younger ages. Specialized tools utilized in these screenings include the M-CHAT, ADOS-2, and STAT.

While various tools support accurate autism diagnosis, it is crucial to balance overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. A proper diagnosis ensures that all individuals with ASD receive the necessary support and resources to empower individuals to achieve their potential and engage actively in the community.